Chapter 2: Class Notes

Technology Infrastructure:

History of the Internet: (the network communications) - not the web!
- 1960's: Dept of Defense
- 1969: ARPANet - redundancy model for network communications
- 1972: E-mail -
- 1974: TCP/IP - Vint Cerf: developed protocols; technology, rules, guidlines for how we transfer data across the internet
- 1979: Usenet - email for groups (newsgroups)
- 1980's: NSF - National Science Foundation - US based org given billions of $$ by the US gov't, with the mandate to educate and give students and faculty and researchers access to all the resources of the gov't (where the money came in)
- 1993: CBC Peter Mansbridge - YouTube announcement
- 1995: Privatized - more internet hosts - no longer only funded by NSF

History of the Web (how we use this network to publish and share info)
- 1945: Vannevar Bush - Memex - store all of memory items
- 1960's: Ted Nelson - "hypertext"
- 1987: Ted Nelson - Xanadu - memex on steroids
- 1989: Tim Berners-Lee - WWW - father of the world wide web: created a hypertext system
- 1993: Marc Andreesen - Mosaic - developed first web browser
- 1994: Andreesen & Clark - Netscape
- 2004: Web 2.0 - facebook is a web 2.0 application (web 1.0 application is where info is stored on web and you can access it, but you only passively consume content; web 2.0 consume and produce content). Before we would just email back and forth and only be able to read email; now we can talk instantaneously with one another over instant messaging.

Web Languages
- SGML:
*HTML: Hypertext markup language; shows us what is bold, italic
* DHTML
*XML : extensible markup language; tells us what the content is inside the document (title, author, publisher, isbn) - Used for almost eveything in Web 2.0
*XHMTL : extensible hypertext markup language; next level (not only is it a heading 1, but also the title of the book) tags...
* CSS: cascading style sheets; like templates in word - apply diff sheet to change the look
- Scripting and Programming: (creating web applications)
* Javascript: most popular (AJAX, Client-side, Server-side); PHP: used for databases
- Tutorials

Web Software
- Web Servers: any single computer connected to internet can be a web server; need ability to run one of the following programs
* Apache:
* IIS: internet information server; works with microsoft products
* HSF: server that will run off of USB stick
* Server2Go: could run business off of and fits on usb stick
* EasyPHP:
* XAMPP:

- Web Clients:
* Internet Explorer: most of the market share
* Firefox: better techonology but only 25% of market
* Opera: one of the first browsers to come up with tabs
* Flock: new browser directed toward social browsing

Future of the Internet
- internet2 (5 years or so): increase in bandwidth; instantaneous downloads and capacity to hold everything and anything and anyone can get to it immediately
- semantic web: googlefied: search, retrieve, link from anything on the page (not only hyperlinks)

Network Technologies:
- Hardware:
* Routers: connects two networks: plans the map of where the info goes: has intelligence within
* Hubs: extra connection points (routers only have 4 ports): only good for shorter distances
* Switches: for larger companies that need to switch off to longer distances
* Gateway: router or switch: connects gateway between one gateway and another
* Access Point: usually built into routers
* Modems: POTS (plain old telephone service), Cable, DSL

- Protocols: rules and guildelines for how to tranfers info over the internet
* Internet: TCP (transmission control protocol) & IP (internet protocol- made up of 4 numbers 0-255; 127.0.0.1 (local computer); 192.168.1.x (local area network)port 80 opens up web server to allow other people to get to it; sheilds up: tells you your problems), TelNet, VOIP,
a) Domain names: all have associated domain names instead of knowing what the numbers are;
* Mail: SMTP & POP3 (old technology, standard email accounts; outlook express), IMAP (newer, stores the messages on the server, the okanagan email), WebMail (google, hotmail, yahoo)
* Newsgroups: NNTP (newsgroup transfer protocol)
* Files: FTP (file tranfer protocol): retreiving files on the internet, SFTP (secure)
* Web: HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol), HTTPS (secure)

Network Connectivity
- Bandwidth:
* Telephone: POTS, ISDN - old service
* Broadband: Cable, DSL
* Leased-line: T1/T3, ATM/OC3: always on connection, pay $1,000 a month
* Wireless: iRDA, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi ethernet (most important for this class), Cell network, satellite